galaxy clusters

The motion of galaxy clusters reveals the strength of gravity on a scale of hundreds of millions of light years. Credit: Lucy Reading / Simons Foundation

Newton's law of gravity faces unprecedented cosmic test

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Spiral galaxy ESO 137-001, seen here in a Hubble image, is an example of a "jellyfish" galaxy, because blue tendrils of star formation extend from it like the hunting tentacles of a jellyfish. Credit: NASA, ESA

Distant “Medusa” Galaxy with Arms of Gas and Stars Discovered in the Early Universe

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James Webb Space Telescope observations reveal the most distant Jellyfish galaxy ever observed – evidence that gas stripping in galaxy clusters occurred as early as 8.5 billion years ago
A combination of infrared and X-rays reveals a nascent cluster with hot gas – already a billion years after the Big Bang. From the article in Nature.

Galaxy cluster at the beginning of the universe: Webb and Chandra found hot gas earlier than expected

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The two space telescopes revealed a nascent galaxy cluster (“protocluster”) in which a hot gas cloud emitting X-rays also appears, a sign of “virial heating” and advanced gravitational collapse – already when the universe was about a billion years old.
Suyanov-Zeldovich effect. Credit: Lingxiao Yuan

Extremely hot intracluster gas discovered in young galaxy cluster – earlier than predicted

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ALMA measurement and the Sonyaev-Zeldovich effect indicate “overheating” about 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang, challenging models of galaxy cluster formation
The galaxy NGC 4535 with its swirling arms filled with young blue stars and pink nebulae in this Hubble image. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, F. Belfiore, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team

Hubble reveals 'lost galaxy' with newly formed stars

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Hubble reveals the "lost galaxy" as a vibrant spiral with newly formed stars and glowing clouds of cosmic energy.
The gravitational lens of the pair of galaxies VV-191 in a joint photograph by Hubble and Webb. Credit: Science: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rogier Windhorst (ASU), William Keel (University of Alabama), Stuart Wyithe (University of Melbourne), JWST PEARLS Team, Image Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

Measuring dark matter and seeing ancient stars

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Prof. Adi Citrin of Ben-Gurion University, using the Webb Space Telescope, maps dark matter in galaxy clusters and exploits the strong gravitational lenses created by the clusters to observe galaxies, massive black holes
A stunning Hubble view of NGC 1511 reveals a spiral galaxy shaped by cosmic upheavals. Involved in dramatic encounters with its smaller neighbors in the past, the galaxy still bears the scars - twisted arms, distorted gas and a weak hydrogen bridge connecting it to a nearby companion. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker

This chaotic spiral galaxy is still recovering from a cosmic collision

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NGC 1511's chaotic history with nearby galaxies has left it connected by gas streams and filled with distorted structures.
An artist's impression of a supermassive black hole tearing apart a giant star, at least 30 times the mass of the Sun. This is how scientists explain what happened around the distant black hole J2245+3743, which in 2018 caused the brightest flare ever measured from a black hole – with a luminous intensity of about 10 trillion suns – detected by the ZTF and Catalina sky surveys.

Webb's first depth field and the brightest flare from a supermassive black hole

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James Webb Space Telescope reveals stunning deep-sky image of thousands of distant galaxies, while Caltech's ZTF sky survey reveals record flare from supermassive black hole that devoured a giant star 10 billion light-years away
Still image from the animation of RAD J131346.9+500320. Credit: RAD@home Astronomy Collaboratory (India)

A record-breaking cosmic radio ring has been discovered – the most distant and powerful yet

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Astronomers have identified RAD J131346.9+500320, a double-ring structure billions of light-years away, and suggest that black hole jets and superwinds shape such rare radio rings; two other radio giants have been found in galaxy clusters.
A globular cluster (a white cluster of stars) naturally appears in high-resolution EDGE images. Credit: University of Surrey, Matt Orkney, Andrew Pontzen & Ethan Taylor

New simulations reveal: This is how globular clusters are born – and perhaps a new type of star system. Solving a 400-year-old mystery

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An international team of researchers has successfully reconstructed the formation of ancient, dense globular clusters in the universe using computer simulations. The simulations have also revealed candidates for a new celestial body – “globular cluster dwarfs” – that may have been hidden for a long time.
The faint glow of individual stars lingering between two bright galaxies indicates that the galaxies are in an active merger—and that the galaxy clusters around them are also merging. The image was assembled from the entire 28 hours of observations by the 570-megapixel Dark Energy Camera (DECam), built for the U.S. Department of Energy and mounted on the National Science Foundation (NSF) 4-meter Victor M. Blanco Telescope at the Cerro Toluolo Inter-American Observatory. Credit: CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA

Ghostly bridge of stolen stars reveals galactic 'tug of war'

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A million-light-year-long intracluster light bridge in the Abell 3667 cluster provides the first optical evidence of an aggressive merger between the cluster's two brightest galaxies—hinting at an ancient merger of two clusters
Artist's impression of the Milky Way galaxy. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

The Milky Way may be surrounded by a hundred previously unobserved hidden galaxies

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Researchers at Durham University have predicted using advanced simulations that there are dozens of faint galaxies orbiting the Milky Way – and new telescopes may soon detect them.
This new composite image, created using X-rays from the Chandra Space Telescope (blue and purple), radio data from the MeerKAT radio telescope (orange and yellow), and an optical image from PanSTARRS (red, green, and blue), shows PLCK G287.0+32.9. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/K. Rajpurohit et al.; Optical: PanSTARRS; Radio: SARAO/MeerKAT; Image processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/N. Wolk

Invisible storm illuminates galaxy cluster with record-breaking radio emission

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Astronomers have encountered the largest-ever cloud of energetic particles around a galaxy cluster, rewriting what we thought we knew about how particles stay charged.
Spiral galaxy NGC 7469 in Phis, bright core, colorful star arms, star formation.

This galaxy steals the show – but the real twist is just around the corner

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The Hubble Space Telescope has revealed the beauty of NGC 3507 in the constellation Leo – but it’s only half the story. Its companion NGC 3501 is hidden out of frame, and the collaboration between the two demonstrates the power of
A galaxy surrounded by dark matter. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Were We Wrong About Dark Matter? Dwarf Galaxies Offer Surprising Clues

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New research reveals unusual clustering pattern in sparse dwarf galaxies – and may indicate that dark matter acts differently than we thought, perhaps even interacting with itself
Artist's impression of the Centauri galaxy cluster. The bluish color indicates the flow of hot gas. The white indicates galaxies, and the reddish-brown indicates cooler gas. Credit: JAXA

Galaxy clusters stay boiling: XRISM reveals why they don't cool down

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Hot gas streams in the core of the Centauri cluster explain how turbulence maintains high temperatures despite X-ray emission
Artist's illustration of the black hole PDS 456. The fast winds are shown in white. Credit: JAXA

New discoveries about the emission of strong winds from black holes

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Researchers from the Faculty of Physics at the Technion and the University of Tokyo present new discoveries about the emission of winds at 20-30% of the speed of light from black holes
Experimental Alzheimer's antibody passes first safety test

The Galaxy That Devours Its Neighbors – and the Tiny Galaxy That Escaped

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This Hubble image captures the stunning remains of an exploded star in the distant galaxy LEDA 132905, located more than 400 million light-years away. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, RJ Foley (UC Santa Cruz)

Hubble captures the dramatic end of a distant supernova

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The Hubble Space Telescope has documented the remnants of the supernova SN 2022abvt in the distant galaxy LEDA 132905, more than 400 million light-years from Earth.
To mark the 100th anniversary of Edwin Hubble’s discovery of a Cepheid variable star, named V1, in the neighboring Andromeda galaxy, astronomers collaborated with the American Association of Variable Star Observers (AAVSO) to study the star. AAVSO observers followed V1 for six months, creating a graph—or light curve—that records the star’s periodic rise and fall in brightness. Based on this data, the Hubble Space Telescope was scheduled to observe the star during its weakest and brightest hours. Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble Heritage Project (STScI, AURA), Robert Gendler.

The star that proved the universe is bigger than we imagined

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A century ago, Edwin Hubble's discovery of the variable star V1 in the Andromeda Galaxy revealed a vast, expanding universe, becoming a turning point in our understanding of the cosmos.
A swirling galaxy with a GD-1 star stream and a dark matter halo. The illustration was created using DALEE and is not a scientific image.

Dark matter solves the mystery of the Milky Way's stellar streams

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New study suggests that a dense subhalo of self-interacting dark matter is responsible for the bulge and gap formations of the GD-1 stellar stream, challenging dark matter theories
A model of accretion on a disc-shaped galaxy. Color represents the temperature of the gas, and the black lines the flow lines of the gas, when it flows from the hot galactic surrounding medium (about a million degrees) to the galaxy where the gas is relatively cold (about 10,000 degrees). The right panel shows three streamlines in 170D, which highlight the swirling of the gas during the inflow. The top image is a Hubble Space Telescope image of a relatively nearby disk galaxy. Its diameter is about 21 thousand light years, and its distance from us is about XNUMX million light years.

on galactic dynamics

What can be learned from the shape of galaxies about the complex connections between different materials in the universe
This all-sky view is a layering of the Gaia star map from its second data release in 2018 and the Planck dust map from 2014. Credit: ESA/Euclid/Euclid Consortium/NASA; ESA/Gaia/DPAC; ESA/Planck Collaboration

Euclid's 'Dark Universe' telescope reveals stunning 208-gigapixel window into the cosmos

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Using gravitational insolation, the Euclid mission looks into the dark world, maps the distribution of dark matter and studies the expansion of the universe by observing billions of galaxies
The 25 most interesting images taken by the Chandra Space Telescope in its 25 years so far. Credit: NASA/SAO/CXC

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory Celebrates 25 Years With Impressive Cosmic Images

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Since its launch in 1999, Chandra has helped unravel cosmic mysteries, supported the research of thousands of astronomers, and maintained its status as a cornerstone of astrophysical research.
An artist's impression showing what happened when two giant galaxy clusters, known together as MACS J0018.5, collided: the dark matter in the galaxy clusters (blue) moved ahead of the associated clouds of hot gas, or normal matter (orange). Both dark matter and normal matter feel gravity, but only normal matter experiences additional effects such as shocks and eddies that slow it down during a collision. Credit: WM Keck Observatory / Adam Macarenko

Dark matter overtakes normal matter in the collision of giant galaxy clusters

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Astronomers have managed to unravel a complicated collision between two giant galaxy clusters in which the clusters' vast dark matter clouds separated from the normal matter. Each of the clusters contains thousands of galaxies and is located billions of miles apart
An illustration of gravity. Illustration: depositphotos.com

Could gravity exist without mass, thus reducing the need for the hypothetical dark matter

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Scientists say that circular systems of topological structural defects common throughout the universe may be the source of the "excess" gravity needed to hold a galaxy or cluster together.
Simulation of a smooth halo of stars around the Milky Way. Figure: ESA

Gaia: The Milky Way's last major collision happened surprisingly recently

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The galaxy AM 1054-325 has been warped from a normal pancake-like spiral shape into an S shape by the gravitational pull of a neighboring galaxy, as seen in this Hubble Space Telescope image. As a result, new star clusters were formed along a tidal tail stretched over thousands of light years, resembling a string of pearls. Credit: NASA, ESA, STScI, Jayanne English (University of Manitoba)

Hubble discovers how collisions between galaxies create conditions for star formation

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The discovery of an S-shaped galaxy could revolutionize the understanding of the process of star formation
This image, showing an elliptical galaxy (left) and a spiral galaxy (right) includes nearby AA light from the James Webb Space Telescope and UV light seen from the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Rogier Windhorst (ASU), William Keel ( University of Alabama), Stuart Wyithe (University of Melbourne), JWST PEARLS Team, Alyssa Pagan (STScI)

Explanation of a strange cosmic phenomenon: astrophysicists discovered why there are no spiral galaxies in our supergalactic plane

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Astrophysicists have discovered why spiral galaxies like our Milky Way are rare in the supergalactic plane, a dense region of our local universe
An artist's rendering of the huge void and the filaments and walls that surround it. Credit: Pablo Carlos Budassi

Lost in Space: Is a Vast Void Dividing the Universe?

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The "mourning tension" in cosmology has recently raised questions about the standard cosmological model
pulsar. Courtesy of Breakthrough Listen

Breakthrough Listen project scanned entire galaxies for signals from advanced intelligent beings

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The team identified 1,519 candidate signals that could not be attributed to radio frequency interference. After algorithmic processing, matching signal properties with known interference, and extensive visual inspection, no convincing evidence of signatures was found
The cosmic background radiation in the microwave field. Photo: NASA

We tested Einstein's theory of gravity on the scale of the universe - here's what we found

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Researchers who have examined whether Einstein's theory of gravity works on the largest possible scale claim that there are deviations that need to be checked and corrected similar to those at small distances that can be answered using quantum theory
The arms of the spiral galaxy M74, studded with pink regions of new star formation, are shown in this Hubble Space Telescope image. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Chandar

Stunning Hubble Image Reveals New Star Formation in the Phantom Galaxy

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Hubble's observations also paved the way for future instruments. M74 was one of the first targets of the new James Webb Powerful Space Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope image of a twinkling star field containing the globular cluster ESO 520-21 (also called Plumer 6). Credit: ESA/Hubble and NASA, R. Cohen

Hubble images a densely packed twinkling star field near the center of the Milky Way

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Among other things, ARP-MADORE2115-273 was photographed, a rare observation of an interaction between a pair of galaxies and ARP-MADORE0002-503 - a large spiral galaxy with unusually extended spiral arms.

Stunning images from Hubble Reactivated: New Strange Galaxies

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Look around - tidal forces have solved the mystery of dark matter in a distant galaxy

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In 2018, a galaxy with a low amount of dark matter was observed. The galaxy contradicted all the existing models but it turns out that the celebration came earlier than expected and two years later it was announced that the tidal forces shed the material
The three images from top to bottom show what the evolutionary trajectory of galaxies such as XMM-2599 looks like, which starts out as a dusty galaxy full of star formation, then becomes a dead galaxy, possibly becoming the "brightest galaxy cluster" Credit: (NRAO/AUI/NSF/ B. Saxton; NASA/ESA/R. Foley; NASA/StScI)

Astronomers discover an unusual monstrous galaxy in the very early universe

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A composite image of the galaxy cluster XLSSC 122 using images from the Hubble Space Telescope and the European Observatory's Very Large Telescope. The white outlines reveal strong X-ray emission observed by the European Space Agency's Multi-Mirror satellite. (John Willis) . Courtesy of the author

New clues in the search for the oldest galaxies in the universe

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A merger of the Milky Way and Andromeda. Image: NASA; ESA; Z. Levay and R. van der Marel, STScI; T. Hallas; and A. Mellinger

The violent history of the Andromeda galaxy, which is on its way to collide with the Milky Way

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The gravitational lensing of the galaxy LRG 3-757 imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera #3. Photo: NASA/ESA / Hubble Space Telescope

Einstein's theory of relativity was also proven in a distant galaxy

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These six images represent the variety of star-forming regions in nearby galaxies. The galaxies are part of the Hubble Space Telescope's Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS). This is the largest and most comprehensive survey of ultraviolet (UV) light observations of star-forming galaxies in the near Universe. the neighbor The six images include two dwarf galaxies (UGC 5340 and UGCA 281) and four large spiral galaxies (NGC 3368, NGC 3627, NGC 6744 and NGC 4258). The images are a mixture of ultraviolet and visible light from Hubble's Wide Field Camera No. 3 and its Advanced Survey Camera. CREDIT: NASA/ESA/LEGUS TEAM

Astronomers have prepared the most comprehensive survey of nearby galaxies in the ultraviolet field with the help of Hubble

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For the first time, a plasma jet from a black hole at the center of a radio galaxy has been imaged

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Simulation of the merger of two black holes, the existence of which was indicated by the gravitational waves recorded by LIGO in 2017. Source: The SXS (Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes) Project.

Is dark matter made of black holes?

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A diagram of the evolution and expansion of the universe, with cosmic inflation visible at its very beginning. Is the theory of cosmic inflation, which tries to explain the properties of our universe, wrong? Source: r NASA/WMAP Science Team.

The theory of cosmic inflation is in trouble

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Laniakia supercluster. Source: R. Brent Tully et al, The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies, Nature 513, 2014.

Laniakia: Our exact address in the universe

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Robin together with Kent Ford examining the equipment at the Lowell Observatory in 1965. Source: Carnegie Institution, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism.

The woman behind dark matter

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Einstein's mistakes

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"The Great Attractor" - Illustration: Perks Radio Observatory

The "Great Attractor" mystery has (probably) been solved - hundreds of galaxies hidden behind the Milky Way have been discovered

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Beatrice Tinsley at Yale University in 1977. Photo: Yale University

Beatrice Tinsley (Beatrice Tinsley) - researcher of the expanding universe

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Scientists in uniform work on the Xenon 1 ton TPC. Photo: PR

The goal: to solve the mystery of dark matter

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